营运资金计算器

输入流动资产和流动负债，自动计算营运资金（净流动资产）和流动比率，评估企业短期偿债能力和现金流健康状况。适用于财务报表分析、银行授信材料准备和日常现金流管理。

工具语言：英文 · 含流动比率评级 · 适用于中小企业财务健康检查

营运资金核心概念

计算公式

· 营运资金 = 流动资产 − 流动负债

· 流动比率 = 流动资产 ÷ 流动负债

· 正值 = 短期偿债能力充足

· 负值 = 流动性风险警示

流动比率参考标准

· ≥ 2.0：偿债能力强劲

· 1.5–2.0：健康，满足大多数贷款要求

· 1.0–1.5：尚可，但需密切关注

· < 1.0：警示——流动负债超过流动资产

Enter total current assets and current liabilities to calculate net working capital and the current ratio — the two key short-term liquidity metrics for any business.

Liquidity analysisBalance sheet reviewCash flow planningLender due diligence

Current Assets ($)

$

Cash, receivables, inventory, prepaid expenses

Current Liabilities ($)

$

Accounts payable, accruals, short-term debt

Formula

Working Capital = Current Assets − Current Liabilities | Current Ratio = Current Assets ÷ Current Liabilities

Working capital measures the short-term liquidity buffer — the cash and near-cash assets available after all short-term obligations are met. The current ratio expresses this as a multiple: a ratio of 2.0 means $2 in current assets for every $1 of current liabilities.

Worked Example

Current assets $120,000 (cash $40k, receivables $50k, inventory $30k) · Current liabilities $75,000 (payables $45k, accruals $30k):

Working capital = $120,000 − $75,000 = $45,000

Current ratio = $120,000 ÷ $75,000 = 1.60×

A 1.60× current ratio is healthy for most businesses. The $45,000 buffer means the business can absorb a modest shortfall in receivables collections or an unexpected expense without a cash crisis. Most lenders look for 1.5× or above.

FAQ

Frequently Asked Questions

Working capital is a balance-sheet snapshot — it compares assets and liabilities at a single point in time. Cash flow is a movement measure — it tracks money coming in and going out over a period. A business can have positive working capital but still run out of cash if its receivables are slow to collect or its payables come due before sales are received. Use working capital analysis alongside a cash flow forecast.

业务示例

场景：某外贸企业期末资产负债表显示：流动资产 ¥480,000（含现金 ¥120,000、应收账款 ¥210,000、库存 ¥150,000），流动负债 ¥300,000（含应付账款 ¥180,000、短期借款 ¥120,000）。

营运资金计算

· 流动资产：¥480,000

· 流动负债：¥300,000

· 营运资金 = ¥480,000 − ¥300,000 = ¥180,000

· 流动比率 = ¥480,000 ÷ ¥300,000 = 1.60

· 评级：健康（Healthy）

结果解读

· ¥180,000 缓冲：可承受应收账款逾期或意外支出

· 流动比率 1.60：每 ¥1 流动负债有 ¥1.60 流动资产覆盖

· 银行授信：通常要求流动比率 ≥ 1.5，本例满足

· 改善建议：加速应收账款回款可进一步提升流动性

注意：营运资金是某一时点的静态快照，不能反映现金流入/流出的时序安排。即使流动比率健康，若应收账款回款时间远晚于应付账款付款截止日，仍可能出现阶段性资金缺口，需结合现金流预测综合管理。

流动资产与流动负债分类参考

流动资产（12 个月内可变现）

· 货币资金（现金及银行存款）

· 应收账款（客户欠款）

· 存货（原材料、在制品、成品）

· 预付款项

· 短期投资

流动负债（12 个月内到期）

· 应付账款（供应商欠款）

· 应付工资及社保

· 短期借款

· 一年内到期的长期借款

· 预收款项