United Kingdom

UK Business Tools & Calculators

Free UK business calculators — VAT at 20%, 5%, or zero rate; working days with all 8 England & Wales bank holidays excluded for 2026; invoice due dates from Net 30, 60, or 90 terms; gross profit margin, markup, work hours, and CBM shipping. All tools are accurate for current HMRC rates and UK legislation. No sign-up required.

20%

Standard VAT rate

£90k

VAT registration threshold

~252

Working days per year

8

Bank holidays (Eng & Wales)

FAQ

UK Business FAQs

What are the standard UK VAT rates?

The UK has three VAT rates: standard rate (20%), reduced rate (5%), and zero rate (0%). Most goods and services fall under the standard 20% rate. Domestic fuel, children's car seats, and some residential property work use the 5% reduced rate.

What is the UK VAT registration threshold?

As of 2024/25, UK businesses must register for VAT when their taxable turnover exceeds £90,000 in any rolling 12-month period. Voluntary registration is also possible below this threshold.

How many working days are in a typical UK year?

A typical UK year has around 260 working days (52 weeks × 5 days). Subtracting 8 bank holidays for England and Wales gives approximately 252 effective working days. Scotland has 9 bank holidays; Northern Ireland has 10.

What are UK standard payment terms?

Most UK businesses use Net 30 or 30 days end of month. Under the Late Payment of Commercial Debts Act, statutory interest applies automatically after 30 days on B2B invoices unless different terms are agreed.

What is the difference between margin and markup?

Margin is gross profit expressed as a percentage of selling price. Markup is profit expressed as a percentage of cost. A 25% markup gives roughly a 20% margin — they are not interchangeable.

How do I calculate an invoice due date in the UK?

Enter the invoice date and your payment terms (Net 30, Net 60, etc.) into the Invoice Due Date Calculator. UK standard terms are usually calendar days from invoice date. Under the Late Payment of Commercial Debts Act, statutory interest (8% above Bank of England base rate) applies from day 31 if no terms are agreed.

How many business days are there in the UK in 2026?

England and Wales have 253 effective working days in 2026: 365 calendar days minus 104 weekend days minus 8 bank holidays falling on weekdays. Scotland has 9 bank holidays; Northern Ireland has 10. Use the UK Working Days Calculator for exact counts between any two dates.

How do I add VAT to a price in the UK?

To add 20% UK VAT, multiply the net price by 1.20. To add the 5% reduced rate, multiply by 1.05. To remove 20% VAT from a gross price, divide by 1.20. The UK VAT Calculator handles all three rates and shows the breakdown instantly.

What is a good gross margin for UK businesses?

Healthy gross margins vary by sector. UK retail averages 30–50%. Services typically achieve 50–70%. SaaS and software can reach 70–85%. Manufacturing averages 20–35%. Use the Margin Calculator to check your own cost-to-price ratio.

Ready to calculate?

All UK tools are free and browser-based. No sign-up required.